Older Children and a Separation- The Forgotten Children in a Family Separation

Looking for more support? Check out the Audience and Separation Stage pages of the Resource Hub for additional articles and tools.

Older children are a growing and somewhat forgotten age group. Many separating parents wait until their children develop to a certain age i.e. late- adolescence or early 20’s- to make the separation a reality. They expect their ‘adult’ child to be able to accept and manage the separation. After all, these young people are rarely at home and appear remarkably independent.

 I would advise separating parents to take a few moments and make a list of all the disruptions and concerns that this age group/your child will likely have to accept/endure from your separation. Below are a few possibilities and for sure they don’t exhaust the reactions of this group. Recognize that the optics of the separation may play an important part in their reaction i.e. who appears responsible for causing the separation and who is the ‘victim’. The concept of ‘no-fault’ divorce is unlikely to find quiet acceptance, here.

A family unit that has always remained intact, even through considerable parental unhappiness, is all that these children have known. For some parents at this stage, there is a defiant ‘I have been unhappy long enough by remaining in a loveless marriage; it is my time to find happiness’. That is not an unreasonable feeling, but one also needs to be sensitive to where your children are on this parental ‘failure’. Otherwise, your search for personal happiness may be cut short by guilt and loss.

Personal Note: my son was 19+ when his mother and I separated. It was ‘assumed’ that he would manage (at least I assumed) the family breakdown. His reality of course was something different. As unhappy intimate partners, we failed to anticipate the impact on our 19 year old son.

A parental split rarely/never go as planned in what I would call an ‘adult’ or ‘no-fault ‘way. In addition, there is the added likelihood that families with two or more mid-adolescent children may see the children live with different parents. The intact family can often become the ‘splintered family’ with many unintended outcomes that can become long-lasting.

 Regaining an enduring life-long parenting relationship may have to be accomplished within limited opportunities with your child. Different perspectives of older children can cause serious, long-lasting rifts.

This is a reminder that every relationship is tested by the way parents separate. Unintended, negative outcomes are more likely to endure, when older children are no longer under the same roof. There is less together time to repair the damage/to work it through. In addition, each sibling relationship within the intact family has its own history based on age, personality, parental connection, etc.

Below is a partial list of reactions. Please compile your own list for each child and if possible bring those lists together as parents prior to a more formal separating conversation with your child.

1. Reaction is very individual.

2. Any # of symptoms.

3. Often believe in ‘rescuing’ the ‘wronged’ parent.

4. Often blame one parent. See the other parent as being abandoned.

5. They may also decide to live separate lives.

Make your own list for your children and your common and unique parent-child relationship!

Possible steps

  • An adult explanation.
  • No side taking in conversation with your child.
  • Marriage happened- Shared history.
  • Serious thought given to explanation i.e. honest without defamation.
  • Find ways to manage family events and including extended family/grandparents.
  • Issues: Inheritance, Financial; Children’s education.

See additional articles on finances in the Safety, Legal, and Financial page.

Thoughts

  • Flexibility re: schedule with children.  Persistent in making getting together happen. Manage with calm and understanding re: difficulty at making arrangements.
  • Transition to a ‘sort of ‘adult relationship. They are still a ‘child’, but like all growing children, the style of the relationship is changing- even more so in these circumstances.
  • Each child’s reaction is unique to them and often based on their recent past relationship with each parent.
  • Flexibility on finances i.e. child support and other expenses. I say this because at this age the children may set their own schedule, based on their whims and the parent in favour.
    • If you can work out a formula to pay additional costs (if needed) to one parent (if they exist), you can reduce the children’s sense of blaming one parent or the other re: financial shortfall or decisions that affect their lives.
    • Finding a process or the will to implement a fair system can lead to less conflict for future family get togethers.
  • New dating relationships often trigger reactions from a former partner and from children. It adds a permanence- a forever changed piece that the intact family is ending and new relationships are beginning.
    • It may not matter to the ‘non-moving on former partner’ that you did it in a tactful, timely and sensitive way. Their reaction often has negative repercussions on the children and their initial reactions. You can only do your best at managing the situation. Your former partner could do dangerous or manipulative actions and you need to be prepared for that possibility, and take appropriate, protective steps. This can be very dangerous stuff!
  • Often one partner is ready to move on, the other isn’t or changes their mind from being ready. Sometimes in doing so, the moving on parent may feel the wrath of family, friends and children in the timing of dating. Older children can be volatile, and their negative judgment can be devastating to a parent, especially when added to that of other significant persons in your life.
  •  One has to be cautious BUT you are the only one who knows the past history of aloneness from a long-term, empty, intimate relationship. Don’t beat yourself up over the reactions of others. Consider the best, next steps.
  •  Often, they are to carry on and time will simply move every one past the current objections. There is no excuse for dangerous behaviors by the other party. In short, simply be the best parent that you can be in these circumstances!

See recommended resources in adolescence and young adulthood!

 A Personal Journey (In memory of my parents and gramps)

My parents were ‘good people, parents and grandparents’. They were from the time of my marriage at the age of twenty-two effectively parents to my children’s mother (her mother and father had passed away). 

My parents were also caring, supportive and committed grandparents to my brother’s family (two children from Toronto) and my family (three children living in Kitchener-Waterloo). Our families spent Christmas together at my home or my brother’s home every year after I was married and had children.

I cannot recall a cross word with my mother until my separation years. I was very close to my father. 

If we are fortunate to experience becoming a father and grandfather, we have accumulated a set of experiences that have shaped the person we have been for most of our adult life; mixed in to the set of ‘normal’ life experiences are a few that have changed us in a profound way.

My separation at the age of 46 fell into the profound category. When you are going through the early stages of a separation, it is a uniquely, personal experience i.e. our good intention to separate in a ‘caring manner’ is affected by our emotional state i.e. pain, anger, loss, despair, anticipation, promise, hope, and optimism to find happiness.

The ending of my marriage of close to 25 years was not triggered by a specific event, but by the drip, drip indifference over several years in which we failed to take care of each other. As an aside, I have never blamed my children’s mother for any failing that contributed toward our separation. This has  allowed me to maintain some perspective on our twenty-five years together.

One of the tragedies for many intimate partners with children is that the post-separation chaos and tragic missteps, intentional or otherwise, leave one or both partners damaged and a profound emptiness at the end.

In other words, the post separation trauma overwhelms the good that was also part of the intimate relationship. This outcome may have unfortunate consequences for our children in the long-term.]

The decision to separate

When the decision to separate was made, there were only two, significant others, besides our children, that we worried /needed to tell; namely our best friends and my parents. We jointly told our best friends in our idealized version of what I call no fault or mutual fault separation. I separately went anxiously to tell my parents in Toronto. They had accompanied us on a car trip to Lake Placid a year earlier and I am sure (silently) observed a marriage in trouble.

For my parents, beloved grandparents to five, the news that I brought them turned out to be a pre-mature death sentence and a final 5 years of life filled with turmoil and little joy. A later life built around the families of their two sons, daughters-in-law and 5 grandchildren was to be shattered… with inadequate time for recovery.

Our family separation, as adult children, can become a separation for grandparents and other significant, family members and friends. In my case, they all became part of my burden as I struggled to understand the chaos that ensued for everyone that I loved and cared for.

My belief in myself and my children’s mother as good people and parents would be tested on an almost daily basis through the pain, I saw in those that I loved.

I believe there is a common, male attribute that requires us to ‘fix it’. I suspect that my upbringing in a home. where my dad (who I loved dearly) was a problem drinker added to a learned, childhood ‘responsibility’ to bring calm to our family life.

Reflections from down the road

I have now attained the age of my dad (75 years old) at the time of my separation, and this is my first serious attempt to describe this part of my life passage, 27 years later. I am still a father of three and now a grandfather to six – 2 girls, 4 boys ranging from one to twenty-one. 

I began to consider writing this essay after celebrating our Christmas 2017 brunch in our very, complicated family. It included all the family mentioned above and of course their partners. I know too well that none of this was certain, once that fateful decision was made to separate, and I made that journey to Toronto to my parents’ home.

 It is a rare day that I don’t think about my parents and our troubled, last years together.

“I often feel guilty about my good life- my joy for what I have now causes me to momentarily forget my parents’ premature loss to my children and our family.” 

The good news for this son is that their grandchildren remember them with great fondness for the many, family brunches and special weekends they dedicated to each grandchild. All of the grandchildren were in adolescence and thus had their only grandparents in their life for 12 or more years.

 It has been my mission to model their love and caring to their grandchildren in the best way possible; in order to ensure that their legacy endures from generation to generation to generation.

 Grandparents are often the forgotten story – the throwaway relationship – unintended, deliberate, or through indifference. 

It happens because it is allowed to happen. It is virtually never about being in the ‘best interests’ of the grandchild. It happens because the system continues to endorse a process that even the Law Commission of Ontario admit too often turns solvable problems into unsolvable outcomes … for a lifetime.

The Rest of the Story of My Family 

As noted earlier, I have little interest in assigning ‘blame’ for the human reactions of separating partners; but I am interested in understanding what did take place to help others in similar situations. It is also not my intention to excuse bad behavior that can threaten every family relationship. Each parent needs to be accountable; but there is a reality that accompanies virtually every family breakdown i.e. no one can predict with any certainty how each intimate partner with children is going to react going forward.

Rule: The most ‘predictable outcome’ is that there is no certainty! 

The separating process must therefore be built on a foundation that recognizes the above rule. It must be the role of professionals to be a guardrail to the decisions that move families into prolonged chaos and away from the calm that their families require.  

If you made it this far in reading, you may have decided what could possibly be my family’s problem. In summary, my separation appeared to be based upon a mutual breakdown i.e. no abuse by either party and a general recognition that each party was a caring parent. There was only one set of grandparents and the parents/grandparents were adored. My parents were seemingly in an enviable position to continue to be involved grandparents.

What happened? This should have been straightforward, eh? Remember the first rule: there is no certainty once the lever is pulled to separate.

The age of the children (every stage of adolescence) even seemed enviable, in that they could influence where/who they would live within certain limits. Our marital unhappiness over the last 2-3 years prior to separating had likely created/aggravated divisions in every parent/child relationship, and even child-child relationships.

I, for no real reason (guilt or caretaking perhaps?) agreed to leave the matrimonial home. Within 48 hours my oldest daughter chose to live with me. Thus in only a weekend, we had separated and an unintended outcome re: the children’s homes had occurred.

Most intimate couples with children are ill prepared emotionally and practically for what takes place. I know that to be true for myself and for my children’s mother. A separation – even when it is the right step – challenges you profoundly as a loving parent, as a caring man or woman through the loss of intimacy and as a provider.

Depression rates are 4-6 times higher for separating mothers and dads vs. intact family parents. Consider the impact of this reality for many families at the time of separating and how it influences the way the separation plays out.

Each parent prior to our separation recognized the other parent as a loving, caring mother and father; then the chaos that resulted was not the desired outcome for either party. The chaos derived from human and systemic failings.

The enemy for children, parents, and grandparents is prolonged chaos and the failure of support services-legal, quasi-legal and social services to recognize and control the dark impulses of one or both parents.

The separating process handles chaos within the family very badly. It often fails to recognize it for what it is and prefers to carry on with an adversarial process. 

Making it worse, the judicial process and social services seem to prefer a ‘case in, case closed’ approach to determine/assume their record of success. There is an absurd lack of professional curiosity about whether they ‘got it right’.

Prolonged chaos is the enemy to separating families and as such to grandparents and grandchildren.

The chaos factors

The following is a partial list of contributing factors that lead to chaos. Some are individual behaviors and some systemic failings. Individual behaviors may be initially unexpected but can easily be anticipated for they are in human relationships common enough.

A few common behaviors by a separating parent that lead to prolonged chaos:

  1. A belief that they only are the parent that matters to the children.
  2. A fear that they are going to lose (self-doubt) their relationship with their child, therefore they must minimize the other parent’s role. 
  3. Alienation or Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS); behaviors that enlist children to reject the other parent and the child’s other, extended family. 
  4. Depression for one or both parents (see earlier note). 
  5. Behaviors such as stalking, misuse of social media, false allegations of abusive behavior etc. 
  6. Total rejection of any notion of shared parenting.
  7. Ineffective parenting that causes/creates child anxiety- thus it is stated that the child is not up to sleepovers- younger children sleeping with the parent on a nightly basis.
  8. Enlisting therapists who simply run the clock that lead to prolonged absence of a parent and thus grandparents-many have no real goal of two parent involvement.
  9. Using financial means to prolong a temporary order or delay any new order to maintain a current parenting advantage.
  10. Other actions that create conditions for prolonged and destructive chaos.

The Judicial and Social System Contributions to Prolonged Chaos:

A) The judicial process is so flawed that there really is simply too much to explore.   I have written often about my disastrous experience as a novice to Family Law. A judicial process shouldn’t be measured by how it handles the relatively routine cases; it should be measured by how it manages the more difficult cases and whether the outcomes are family friendly in the long-term. 

B) Lawyers are too busy or fail to do what they say they will do. 

C) Poor communication skills. Lawyers fail to discuss your desires in the context of what is right for your children and you in the long run. 

D) Strategy too often runs the clock, no matter the human costs. 

E) See you as their client only. Fail to treat the family holistically.

 F) Employ a strategy that asserts unsubstantiated or false allegations of abuse; or attempts to create doubts about the character of the other parent to gain advantage.

 G) Financial costs of the drawn-out judicial process. This leads to simply waring out a party- surrendering for some parents becomes the only option to survive.  

H) No real effective monitoring of the judicial system in a meaningful way. No effective monitoring of F&CS that often are involved in prolonged, chaos cases. In addition, there is a lack of voluntary transparency by F&CS that makes challenging their decisions and protocols very difficult.

 I) Social services appear to have abdicated  any commitment honoring a two-parent philosophy. As such they often fail to provide ongoing, holistic services. Irritants and change are an inevitable aspect of separated parents’ journey. The two-parent philosophy must be endorsed from the get-go to best ensure it endures through the continuing challenges.

 J) Mediation services are too often under the auspices of the legal profession. They are cumbersome and expensive for they attempt to protect the lawyers’ role.  

 K) Lack of research on outcomes by legal and social services is a constant failing. 

 L) Other- Fill in your experiences!

In my family, most of the above factors played out for almost 900 days. It is impossible to exaggerate the impact of prolonged chaos!

My mother for some reason(s) decided it was her responsibility to ‘fix things’- to save the marriage or even to save us after my ‘news’. She was taken back to her own childhood and life events that she had appeared to conquer and now had been reawakened as dark memories at 75 years of age. My father simply retreated as best he could from the chaos that now engulfed every caring relationship that mattered to him. My mother’s twenty-five-year relationship with my children’s mother left her vulnerable to the never-ending twists and turns on a daily basis.

 My parents own relationship was now at risk. 

My occasional search for parental support and advice often turned into verbal conflict with my mother- leaving me angry, even in despair at the outcome; every visit left me feeling guilty/responsible for my parents’ obvious trauma. I had to accept that emotional support from them was no longer available.

There was no calm in our family, it was unrelenting!

 It was now Thanksgiving, almost 3 years and 900 days later, and I had asked my parents to come to my new place and meet Elaine for the ‘first time’. We were to be married in 2 months. My mother refused. My father decided it was time to meet Elaine and support his son openly. My parents undoubtedly had angry words.

I met my father at Milton’s Mc Donald’s – a half way pickup. He and I sat talking for almost 2 hours about what was/is taking place. He then came to our new home, met Elaine, and had a wonderful get together. I drove my dad back to Milton and his car later in the evening. 

Early the next morning, I received a call that my dad had a major stroke and was in a coma.  My parents’ last words of any significance to each other were undoubtedly angry, either before and/ or after my father’s visit. 

I do know that he ‘essentially’ died after doing what he had always done for me as a father and grandfather- to support and love me and my family.

The gift of a day together

“I am unsure that I could have ever reconciled his loss without the reassurance of our last day together.”

My dad’s coma continued for several days. I made the daily trip to Sunnybrook Hospital. My mother believed that my close relationship with my father could somehow awaken him from his coma, even though we were told by staff that he had suffered irreparable damage. After a number of days in this state, during my stay, he gradually awakened. However, the damage was in fact extensive and it is uncertain that he ever recognized his family as family, instead of just caregivers. Any true communication had ended!

For the next year and a half, I continued an almost daily drive to Toronto to further ‘awaken’ my father. My wedding had gone ahead, and my mother found a reason to not join us. She remained locked into her own post-separation world. I tried to reconcile with her by doing my role and provide companionship to my dad and support to my mother- who was driven to ‘repair’ my dad.

 The impact of their tragic last day together, prior to the stroke had a profound impact. She had no opportunity to reconcile with my dad. She eventually wore herself out and after a year+ died from a stroke within 72 hours.

My occasional conversations with my mother during the post stroke period made clear that she had a view of her son as someone different from who I am. She believed the falsehoods at worse; and at best considered them as possibilities. It is part of the evil of the separating process that falsehoods are often left hanging out- it is the Trumpian world. 

My mother who I had never argued with since the age of 10 until my separation at the age of 46 no longer knew her son. That was/is a difficult outcome to accept. Down the road a few years later, I told my older brother (who was very close to my mother) that he had to keep reminding me about all the good things about her, that I understood before the separation. They were lost to me in the chaos…and even now are difficult to retrieve. 

When my mother passed away, my brother decided that she would prefer the most basic of caskets and not a service. The cardboard box was purchased, and my mother was delivered to the crematorium by a driver in an Eddie Bauer t-shirt. The awaiting party of two sons and 2 daughters-in law alternated between tears and laughter at this too surreal moment. 

My brother suggested that he desired/needed to write an extensive obituary on my mother’s life and accomplishments for the Globe and Mail. I agreed and it was done at considerable cost. 

My dad’s inherent, physical strength had outlived my mother, his partner for almost 60 years. Now we were left only with her ashes. My brother opted out of participating any further. My mother’s ashes became my companion in my car for some time. Finally, I decided that I would dispose of them along the Humber River on the grounds of their condo- where they resided during their happiest years together. 

It was a dreary, misty, early morning as I walked the grounds alone spreading her ashes and at the same trying to conceal my task from the condo owners. Tears freely flowed as I was overwhelmed by grief, loss and the memory of the sad events of the last 4 years. 

It was soon time to return to my dad at Sunnybrook Hospital and take him for a walk in his wheelchair. Communicating the morning’s event drew no awareness from him. 

My father held on physically for another year. His passing occurred thankfully. The box and cremation were repeated, blessedly without the young man in the Eddie Bauer t-shirt. I carried my father’s ashes in my trunk for some time. I would talk to him about his grandchildren and other family happenings.

The odd thing is that I still talk to him and try to be the best of him as a parent and grandparent. It is the legacy that would most matter to him and to his father- my gramps. 

The separation and the prolonged chaos left everyone wounded and worn out. The grandchildren were never given the opportunity to grieve and celebrate their grandparents in a way that they should have been celebrated. A shame and an outcome connected directly to our separation.

Kids n Dad Shared Support was born out of loss and hope. Loss is inevitable following a separation; but it can be minimized by supporting the mission of family renewal, in whatever family form.

 The threads of hope still exist, and they can be woven into new beginnings for every family. 

Grandparents are near the top of the essential relationships that can mitigate chaos and create calm for children and children’s children!

For more on Barry’s own journey with separation, see the About Us section. For more on navigating separation and the holidays, see all posts from the blog tagged with Holidays.

Kids n Dad Shared Support has made it through our 12th year

A holiday message from December 2017

The move to our new location brought about significant downsizing and in doing so a 12-year journey down memory lane. Time and energy are no longer on my side, but I continue to have the passion to help children, parents and grandparents. I am now taking it year by year in the way that I try to bring about change to a system that lacks imagination in the way it supports separating families.

In the past year a local Family Court Justice described the social service system as broken. He could have included the judicial system as well. The ‘strange’ aspect of this headline in the Record was that no letter from the social services rebuked   his stark description and his comments were left standing. We are left with two options- agreement with his perspective or indifference from the silence of the social service and legal communities. The Justice went even further to suggest that the system is only going to get worse.  

I offer these two stories from our community to set up an essay written in October by one of our dads. Please take the time to read it through to the end and think about the consequences of a failing judicial and social service system as described by a local justice that drew zero public rebuke.

This essay was written by a dad who has been part of the Kids n Dad Shared Support family for almost 10 years: Letter to God from a proud father

A Personal Story:

In early October Elaine and I went to Banff for a conference that she was attending. Like my nostalgic journey from the Kids ‘n’ Dads move, the lead up to and the actual trip to Banff had a similar outcome. I was eleven years of age when I was last in Banff. The trip was the third successive, mega family holiday that my parents took us on before building a cottage on crown land. The first was to the Maritimes, the second to California and the third to western Canada. Limited vacation time demanded a driving schedule of 500 miles per day (no kms in those days) on indifferent two-lane highways. Washroom breaks only could be countenanced when the car required such.

My grandfather joined us on these family journeys and on the last trip to Western Canada my severely, mentally ill grandmother accompanied us. The hope being that a trip that saw us visit long, lost siblings would bring her some happiness and improvement. We were a 1950’s version of the first Grunewald’s summer vacation.

My father/ grandfather purchased a new, two tone Oldsmobile for the trip- every car was downhill for my dad after that. He died in the mid 1990’s driving a Kcar with only an AM radio.

My father purchased the newest movie camera to document our journey in 3-minute reels. The last minute was usually of his eyes as he fumbled his way to change the film. It became his trademark. He gave me his mechanical gift of ‘fumbling’.

The trip jarred me into remembering all the gifts of my parents that I underappreciated and undervalued forever (until now); yet in significant and small ways they became part of my parenting DNA. We teach our children even when we are just living life. We teach them even more in the way we handle life’s inevitable struggles. Occasionally our efforts are recognized, but more often they just become part of the journey- without an asterisk.

My childhood trips and the magnificence of my parents’ efforts to provide enrichment and imagination to their two sons’ lives became part of my return trip to Banff almost 60+ years later. On this trip I spent several hours by the Banff Springs Golf Club watching the extraordinary elk on the beautiful fairways with the magnificent mountains in the background. Time stood still as I journeyed my way through childhood to adulthood to parenthood to grandparenthood, with each stage of life connected by bonds of love and caring that give life purpose and meaning.

Below are parenting tips offered as ways to make it through the season.    

Holiday parenting tips

The following are guidelines for newly separating or changed families during this joyous but often difficult season.

  • Guard against any erratic behavior by yourself or your former partner. Your children need to be children- not spectators or referees.
  • Make sure that a parenting plan for the holidays is understood and followed. Few separated parents can negotiate on the fly. Given the preceding, try to be flexible at a time when spontaneity and children go together.
  • Reach out to friends or relatives and ask for their support. Many of us find ‘reaching out’ to be difficult. Be honest about what you need from your family and friends and don’t be afraid to ask for their support.
  • Focus on making your time with your children the best possible. Depending on the time and place of your family in the separation process, many children of all ages (toddlers to adults) are going to be struggling with two Christmas homes, divided families and loyalty tug-of- wars. It is a time to build a new normalcy and calm for everyone.
  • Don’t spend more than you can afford. Older children know your reality- younger children enjoy simpler things. Partner up with other family members for larger purchases.
  • Children from blended families notice disparity in gifts. Try to balance whenever possible.
  • Blended families may have to deal with disparity because the other parent has different means available to them i.e. no other children to buy for. While this is just life and difficult to control, parents need to be sensitive to the problem and try to work it through with the child if necessary.
  • Children are not the sole possessions of one parent or one side of the child’s extended family. A parent can be the best parenting model through their generosity of spirit.
  • If you have a new partner and family, enjoy and appreciate their gifts of love, support and family. Blend old and new Christmas traditions.

              Send your children to the other parent’s Christmas celebration with your love!

For more on navigating separation and the holidays, see all posts from the blog tagged with Holidays.

father lifts baby outdoors under blue sky

Father’s day 2017: “I can’t beat it!”

Overcoming a tragedy of overwhelming loss is the theme of the 2016 Academy award nominated film Manchester by the Sea. It is a compelling story of a father and husband who lost everything a few years earlier and is paralyzed by grief that has become his unwanted companion every step of his daily life. The untimely death of his older brother provides an unexpected opportunity to move beyond his sorrow and find purpose in life again.

The film starkly reminds us that there are tragedies that are so overwhelming that recovery is forever elusive and life remains at best a dark shade of gray.

The father in a few simple words recognizes his now lost opportunity when he quietly states. “I can’t beat it.”

In the book 12 Years A Slave by Solomon Northrup published in 1853 the author touches the heart of every parent with his description of slavery’s hideous impact in the following excerpt:

 “Grief had gnawed remorselessly at her heart (mother-Liza), until her strength was gone; and for that, her last master (slave owner), it is said, lashed and abused her most unmercifully. But he could not whip back the departed vigor of her youth, nor straighten up that bended body to its full height, such as it was when her children were around her, and the light of freedom was shining on her path.”

 Liza’s children were torn from her arms and sold separately to other slave owners. Liza understood the words ‘I can’t beat it!’

The film is a stark reminder of the loss experienced by too many separated fathers who must deal with such a parenting risk as Liza. It is now 20 years since the Parliament of Canada had the opportunity to establish a core principle in law that a mother and father are co-parenting partners; that maternal and paternal grandparents are equal partners in the lives of their grandchildren. 

Slavery is one of the most disturbing evils of humankind. Its cruelty and disregard for family is played out even in the ‘civilized’ process known as Family Court …every day with seeming impunity.

A Wisconsin separated mother who fought against her state’s presumption of shared parenting now admits her folly. “My boys’ dad is not an unpleasant obstacle; he’s an integral part of their lives.” 

Integral – the completion of the whole – is the gift of the presumption of shared parenting.

An article in the Record this past year by Gordan Paul,  describes the 5 year, systemic journey of parents with the Family and Children’s Services. While the story lacks the family history, it outlines that the loss of their child appears to be based on an acknowledged erroneous drug test that triggered F&CS apprehension of their child. This family had now become unintended/intended (?) casualties of a failing system. 

 Justice Grant Campbell describes his findings in blunt terms to the parents of this 5 year old case: ‘‘although it will offer you little comfort, I apologize to you for the manner in which you have been treated, ignored, demeaned and disbelieved’.

 Justice Campbell is to be thanked for shining the light on this case, but where were the judges 5 years ago, 4 years ago, 3 years ago, etc.? It was in those years that the parents were ‘whipped unmercifully ’and robbed of their ‘departed vigor’.

 An interview of an Australian Family Law justice identifies an important failing in the Family Justice System and Child Welfare System.  Judges and child welfare don’t appear to be interested in knowing whether their intended outcome for cases before them turned out well or otherwise. They simply continue to believe what they believe. A case is closed and the intended outcome may or may not be achieved.

 Justice Campbell states explicitly that the patchwork child welfare system is ‘broken’. He also states that the future is only going to get worse in Waterloo Region and across the province. These are his observations, not this ‘biased’ observer.

Many separated parents/grandparents remember those weeks, months, and years where they were unable to ‘straighten up that bended body to its full height, such as it was when the children were around them’. Fond memories provide only momentary relief as they soon turn to tears of loss- wonderful moments can become the enemy.

Justice Campbell has provided an opportunity for those in Child Welfare and the Family Justice System to change a process that he and others have described as ‘unworkable ‘and ‘abusive’. The shame is that there has been no professional, public response to this case.

The following is a second excerpt from Twelve Years a Slave. 

 “The influence of the iniquitous system necessarily fosters an uncaring and unfeeling spirit, even in the bosoms of those who, among their equals, are regarded as humane and generous.”

“I can’t beat it!” – These are the words of parents worn out by a system that runs the clock until exhaustion and survival is all that is left.

 Providing support too late in the separating  process for vulnerable and wounded children, mothers, fathers and grandparents leaves too many ‘Lizas’ broken for the remainder of their life journey.

Silence sustains and protects the ‘system’. Defensiveness and denial maintain the unacceptable status quo. Transparency could provide sunlight and thus the opportunity to find creative solutions!

Father’s Day provides a timely excuse to examine whether fathers and paternal grandparents are recognized as an integral part of their child’s life, every day contributing to the completing of the whole child.

If the iniquitous system continues then the hand in hand connection of child to father to grandfather may be broken forever. I am reminded every day of that possibility when I am with my grandchildren. I understand Liza’s agony and the words, ‘I can’t beat it!’

Father’s Day is also grandfather’s day and a celebration of love forever, through whatever.

For more on navigating separation and the holidays, see all posts from the blog tagged with Holidays.

This is my son’s first Father’s Day and my first as a grandfather to Timothy. It is a fulfilling experience to see my son’s life filled with the love, joy, meaning and even trepidation on becoming dad. Welcome to our world son…forever!

Oh, For the Gift Again of a Little Summer Adventure on Father’s/Grandfather’s Day!

It was Monday morning and I had decided to go to our office early. At mid-morning I spoke by phone to my daughter who informed me that she was going to take her youngest children to her mother’s cottage. She wondered if I wanted to see the two boys, then 18 months and nearly three, before they departed.

The oldest child upon my arrival moved quickly to get his sandals in anticipation of an adventure. The youngest was quietly observing his brother; soon his tears demanded that he be included in the outing. He did not need to worry!

Our little adventure was to return to what I have designated as our Park; a place for this writer of so many fond memories as a father and grandfather. Today my adult kids are more likely to fire off a gentle, verbal dig by reminding their dad of their childhood pleas: “We are too old for the swings and those animals have had better days”.

 The words ‘better days’ hurt the most as I reflected that like the park’s black bear of olden days, I too have seen better days.

As I set out, I realized that I am a fortunate grandpa to have a new, eager, ‘more grateful generation’ of children to mould to the joys of our family Park. So off we went with the oldest grandson identifying every farm and construction vehicle ever built by John Deere and Caterpillar. His little brother squealed and hummed to a selection of Itsy, Bitsy Spider.

We soon arrived at our destination and the ducks surrounded our car, impatiently awaiting grandpa’s liberation of their young friends from the shackles of car seats.

It was a beautiful morning, perfect temperature, and our Park was alive, as a gentle breeze spread the joyful and boisterous sounds of children, parents and grandparents creating new memories.

My oldest grandchild scurried down the winding path toward the peacocks and their rooster friends. He found them sunning themselves and preparing to entertain their little admirers. But for us this is a momentary stop along the way to our primary target, feeding the deer and the llama. What the heck is the plural for llama anyway? My oldest grandson knew the routine well. He tore at the longer strands of grass and carefully positioned each so the llama (?) that he calls camels would be satisfied.

The feeding exercise is always a little unnerving, even for an experienced grandpa. My daughter- for an unintended outcome- could revoke my day pass with the little ones i.e., animal teeth marks on my grandson’s feeding hand would likely lead to a cancellation of future outings.

 Mothers can be terribly protective!

These outings have a certain rhythm. Our yellow brick path always includes visiting our different friends- the miniature horses, goats and of course the fishpond. The return of the piglets this day provided an additional, scented delight as our path soon turned in front of the well-stocked, mini pond and waterfall.

Soon it was time to retrace our steps with warm farewells to each of our animal friends. I was in particularly good spirits because we had escaped a reprimand from the young park staff for feeding the llama/camels. In the past if the staff catches us, I always point at my young companion with the grass/feed in his hand as the culprit. They are rarely persuaded though and are intent on holding the gray-haired kid responsible. I suspect they figured out that I am the only kid old enough to read the posted signs.

                              DON’T FEED THE LLAMA

                           sometimes known as CAMELS.

To celebrate a joyful outing, I decided that ice cream was a necessary reward. We soon became three spoons competing selfishly for more than our share of a giant mound of vanilla ice cream. Finding the target for each spoonful seemed less important to the combatants than securing the biggest payload. Soon the giant mound was reduced to a few melted drops to be licked from the container. I leave the rest to your imagination.

It was time for the short trip home. As I secured the little ones into their seats, I remembered being so grateful for such a joyful experience, a gift that was not a certainty in our family’s life.

I was reminded of that truth as I initiated our departure toward our Park’s ring road. Passing in front of me were two, old friends. They are wonderful and loving parents and grandparents; yet they were pushed aside- made invisible grandparents by the family, separating process in this country.

The riches of my day embarrassed me at that moment.

As we approached the children’s home, I remembered wavering on whether to reveal that illegal, pre-lunch, celebratory ice cream thing to my daughter.  I realized that secrecy was unavailable when I spotted grandpa’s post ice cream cleanup had failed miserably.

The children ran to their mom’s open arms with wide smiles and evidence on their jerseys of their outing with grandpa. I knew from my daughter’s half smile that she was recalling her childhood outings many years earlier to our same family Park …and that vanilla ice cream was occasionally… well o.k. always dad’s way to conclude a wonderful adventure.

Father’s Day is about celebrating a dad’s love for their child and their child’s child which endures forever in every family form. That love should be cherished and valued every day. That is the only gift desired by the dads who have been inspirational in my life.

Have a joyful Father’s Day!

For more on navigating separation and the holidays, see all posts from the blog tagged with Holidays. For grandparent specific resources, see all blog posts with the grandparents tag.

Open Letter: Personal Recovery

Recovery

Where are you on road to recovery? What does the choice to separate feel like? Does it feel like a necessary, but difficult choice? Does it feel like a weight has been taken off your shoulders now that your unhappiness is in the open? Are you feeling overwhelmed or paralyzed by the decisions that have to be made? Do you feel like a failure as a parent, intimate partner and provider? Are you surprised by your partner’s reaction? How did the children react to the news? Did each child react very differently and as such display different parenting issues? Are your extended family and friends supportive or judgmental? The questions about personal recovery are never-ending, but important.

A Personal Story

I thought that I was prepared for the separation. My children’s mother and I had a civil conversation about the separating process and how we would tell our parents and friends in a no-fault explanation. I had agreed (for no reason other than caretaking) to leave the matrimonial home for a room in a friend’s parents’ home.

As soon as I started the 30-minute drive to my new place, I became desperate, lonely and overwhelmed with grief and loss.

I would describe myself normally as a rock, but the next day as I drove past a swamp on my left it took everything not to swerve off the road. It was the first time in my life that I had such dark thoughts. That troubled moment has remained in my memory for 30 years.

Separating and separating by leaving your children and family home is an experience that we are ill prepared for no matter our gender or our position on separating.

I offer this anecdote because it is a common experience.

It is important that a plan is in place for future, sharing/spending time with your children before leaving the home. DO NOT ASSUME that it will all be worked out . . . eventually. Recovery is more difficult for a parent who is not seeing or assured that they will be with their children on a predictable, regular schedule, sooner than later. Consider a mediator or another suitable professional to work out an interim parenting plan prior to anyone leaving the family home, if possible.

In this site’s resources there are readings that may meet where you are in the separating process. Dealing with the different stages of grief—similar to the death of a loved one—may be the best starting point. Many authors focus on the journey that most separated parents go through in some way.

For more on Barry’s own journey with separation, see the About Us section.

Resilience

Your resilience is perhaps the most important gift that you can showcase to your children. Resilience will serve you well. Included in the readings are research on the prevalence of depression for fathers and mothers going through a separation. Remember, for many parents the separation often follows many months, even years, of feeling low or worse.

The most significant of these outcomes are almost always connected to the challenges faced in every important relationship.

Going Forward

Included among our resources are book recommendations and personal stories that our 600+ clients found to be supportive in their journey to personal survival and even family renewal. Please take time to consider the resources on mental health and depression, as these things can have direct consequences upon your children and your workplace. Many of the resources available on this site are intended to inspire or to awaken us to the changes taking place in every intimate, family relationship. There is going to be a great deal on your plate for some time, and many will be parenting or relationship problems you have never before encountered. Support groups or educational seminars may provide similar understanding and a sense of comradery with fellow travelers on this journey of separation.

Books and resources can provide an understanding of what was going on in the chaos of your family’s life. I considered those books I encountered in my own journey to be lifesaving, for they provided insight that cut through the chaos and restored some form of equilibrium. I found comfort in learning that those things that were happening in my life had happened to many others. It didn’t always solve the specific issues, but it removed doubt about my own sanity and what I was facing going forward. That was very important!

Looking for more stories from separated families? Check out the Fathers and Mothers sections of the Audience page or the guest posts highlighted at the top of our blog page.

Parenting Responsibilities: A Code of Conduct Template

The following is a sample template for a Code of Conduct for use in co-parenting:

The parents agree to the best of their ability to follow the code of conduct set out below in order to ensure that ____________ and   ____________  have the best opportunity to grow into happy, resilient and responsible young adults.

A New Family Bill of Rights (from Isolina Ricci: Mom’s House, Dad’s House)

  • Each child has the right to have two homes where she is cherished and given the opportunity to develop normally.
  • Each child has the right to a meaningful, nurturing relationship with each parent.
  • Each parent and child has the right to call themselves a family regardless of how the parent’s time is divided.
  • Each parent has the responsibility and right to contribute to the raising of his or her child.
  • Each child has the right to competent parents and to be free from hearing, observing, or being part of their parents’ arguments or problems with one another.
  • Each parent has the right to his or her own private life and territory and to raise the children without unreasonable interference from the other parent.

What Kids Need To Hear (from Barbara Coloroso: Parenting Through Crisis)

  • They still have a family.
  • They will have two homes, one with Mom and one with Dad.
  • Both parents will always love them and take care of them.
  • The kids did not cause the divorce. This is an adult problem.
  • They will not be left in the dark about any decision that will affect them.
  • Their feelings will be acknowledged and considered. However, the adults will make the decisions, based on the children’s best interests.
  • They will not be asked to choose one parent over the other, to act as a messenger or as a spy.
  • They will not be treated as another piece of property to be fought for, bargained over, or seized.
  • They will have the financial support of both parents.

Parent 1:                                                                          Parent 2:

.

For more Parenting Plan posts, see the Parenting Plan tag.

man walking on a hallway

On harassment and stalking


Vindictive ex harassed woman for two years (KW Record)

The above headline appeared on Feb. 8, 2022 in the Waterloo Region Record. The article described a dangerous pattern of behavior by a former intimate partner. It portrayed day-to-day terrorism for the woman who endured a life never knowing when these twisted acts would strike and envelop other caring persons in a relentless campaign of manipulation and lies.

The woman ( target/victim) struggled to understand what was taking place -would it be short-lived; would it be manageable or escalate; were there steps that she could take; was she somehow at fault; what was her level of risk; etc. The questions were unending- the answers uncertain. Occasional periods of calm provided hope that would soon be dashed. The temporary quiet became part of the reign of terror.

Many people who have suffered a home invasion describe the long term consequences on their daily life-their home becomes part of the trauma that they carry within them.

The perpetrator in the Record case was sentenced to 6 mos. in jail and mandatory counselling for two years of terrorism that left the victim traumatized for a lifetime and as such in fear of future intimate relationships.

The conclusion of the article quotes the pursuer: “ I’m a nice, normal, good person. You people don’t know me. I just made a mistake”. The perpetrator’s closing comment is worrisome and frightening. His behaviors are not excusable or in the dull to normal range in a non-mutual breakup.

In the above case, the dating relationship was one year and there were no children that necessitated separated parents to have on-going communication or personal contact. The prison sentence of 6 months, less time served, is an inadequate deterrent, clinging to the hope of success through future therapy with a client that doesn’t recognize their blame.

This case reinforces the belief/myth that males are the only offenders. This is a dangerous for the behaviors are found in intimate partners from both sexes.

Key lessons on obsessive love

I recommend a book by author Susan Forward called Obsessive Love. Three important observations are made by Ms. Forward.

  1. Obsessive love knows no gender.
  2. Obsessive love has little to do with love at all-it has to do with longing.
  3. Obsessive ‘lovers’ are controlled by their own needs and desires, at the expense of the needs and desires of their targets.


The behaviors triggered are intimate partner violence (IPV) and often place children in the middle and is emotional abuse by alienating children against their other parent. It can turn the judicial process into a never ending battleground (blood sport) that leads to mental health concerns for the victim (other parent), children and extended family

In her book, Ms. Forward charts out a) behaviors common to obsessive lover; b) actions that require caring behaviors toward the obsessive person ; e.g. a potent behavior is the threat of suicide that is then leveraged to turn the targeted individual into the person who is responsible (rescuer) for the obsessive ‘lover’ continuing to live. In a separation with children, it is particularly effective and insidious and plays on employing the children and extended family in the obsession. It entails the victim of obsessive love to be the rescuer and protector of the children from the loss from a parent’s suicide death.

Another aspect of obsessive love is that it often relies on manipulation of connected friends and relatives by the obsessive ex-partner. In a separation, it effectively clouds the picture – separations are complicated and raise issues about parenting and family assets. It can be confusing at best. However in Ms. Forwards book she identifies behaviors that most victims can recognize. These behaviors are dangerous and cross the line. Unfortunately, these behaviors may be recognized for what they are only by the targeted individual – not those outside that circle.

Getting support as the targeted victim may be difficult with friends or family. They don’t want to get involved and unknowingly may also be targets of manipulation by the obsessive individual. The friends by buying into a false narrative by their silence has the consequence of driving the victim/target away from their children.
In the Record case, the harassment stalking continued for close to two years. Think about the target and the long-term outcomes. In a setting with children, consider all the different scenarios that could play out.

An insidious outcome is that the recommended steps by a therapist to a target/victim is essentially to be cold and indifferent to the obsessive ex- partner- to be what you are not. This is intended to lower the risk (distance) and protect your children, extended family and friends. A second option is simply to flee- to move and leave your life with your children. It is a heavy burden. Neither strategy has much to recommend itself.

For a dad stalking is recognized as domestic abuse. Driving by the family home to see your children at play is going to prompt a phone call to police and a protective or no contact order. It just cannot be done! If you are a dad and behave as an obsessive lover, you are likely looking at reduced or loss of parenting time with your children and mandated enrolment in a Program. You just cannot risk such an outcome.

Find a trusted friend to support and protect you from your self. Consider professional support.

Our mission as separating parents must be to create the conditions that allow each parent to create a caring and loving home for their children. The risks factors must be recognized, understood, and steps taken. A parent should document exchanges of children that are high risk, volatile phone calls, emails that are threatening, efforts to involve you in the obsessive ex-partners life beyond the children i.e. their best friend.

Harassment and stalking are possible when the obsessive parent has a window into the other parent’s life (new partner) through interrogation of children following care parenting with their other parent. A new relationship may trigger stalking and harassment behaviors. New partners may trigger an ex- partner who is having difficulty in separating or moving on with their life.

It can be a dangerous time for everyone in their circle and safety must be a high priority.

See the Safety and Legal page for more on those topics.

On Being a Dad and Grandpa: Father’s Day 2016

Barry and family

Becoming a dad is transformational. It changes everything. It gives a purpose, a new priority to life that had been previously absent.  Fathers recall the moment when they became dad and the love and commitment made at that time to their child. Becoming a ‘separating’ dad also seemed to change everything in unexpected ways and threatened and risked every parenting relationship.

Recently a distraught father spoke to me about the emotional birth of his child. His eyes misted over as he talked about the infant’s serious health concerns and the oath/promise he made that first night to be at the child’s side, forever. He has kept his promise! He fears that like many separating dads he will be unable to navigate through the marital breakdown and keep his solemn commitment.  He doesn’t understand a process that seems determined to reduce his parental role and tear away at the best of who he is.

A father from our community wrote the following words that capture what many separating dads “grudgingly accept” in order to restore calm to their children’s lives.

His words: “…it’s the days you wake up with the kids and put your kids to bed that count. Full days with dad. I love them, my kids love them. The rest become transition days, you are excited to see them on one end and depressed to see them off on the other, emotional baggage that unchecked can pollute your limited time together.” (a separated dad)

I became a father in my own unique way through the courageous decision of a young woman to place her child up for adoption. I vividly recall the social worker placing him in my arms. Ten minutes later, she returned to ask if my wife and I wanted to keep him. I still laugh at the question—she didn’t seem to understand that he became my son, through whatever, the moment she placed him in my arms.

I remember that the adoption process was a time of anxiety, scrutiny and fear. Would we make the list of approved parents? Power rested in the perspective of the social worker and her mandate to ensure the best interests of that child. It was a difficult process, but one that you necessarily endured. Pushing back against the intrusiveness and judgment was not a viable option. My son and later my daughter had not yet been placed in my arms.

Curiously, the birth of my youngest daughter had no such intrusiveness or scrutiny as she was placed in my arms by a caring nurse in the birthing room.

I have come to associate Braham’s Lullaby with this special time in my life – a bit of tranquility while becoming a father

The next years, no one questioned whether I was a full parenting partner or quite frankly whether I was the best of parents or the worst of parents or somewhere in between. I was dad!

The common bond of separated fathers commences the moment that the intimate relationship breaks down. It brings with it in some ways the scrutiny of the social worker EXCEPT that the children are your children NOT the children of social workers or lawyers, judges or the Canadian Bar Association. A separation with lawyers too often is a process built for finding differences, not for ensuring that children have both parents and grandparents in their daily lives. A separation with children is a long crooked path that requires ongoing support to meet the challenges of change. An initial, adversarial process is the wrong path to long-term cooperation.

My boys’ dad is not an unpleasant obstacle; he’s an integral part of their lives.

Jennifer Fink: A Wisconsin mother of four boys

This insight comes from a Wisconsin mother who originally fought a determined battle in Court in an attempt to minimize any participation by the dad in her boys’ lives. The Wisconsin family court justice ‘insisted’ that Wisconsin’s presumption of shared parenting applied. The boys would have their father as an ‘integral’ part of their lives forever.

 Think about Ms. Fink’s wonderful adjective ‘integral’ to describe the parenting relationship for each parent now. A definition for ‘integral’: necessary to the completeness of the whole. Imagine a community where ‘the completeness of the whole’ (our child) is the foundation for supporting separating/separated families in our community.

 Canada’s Parliament rejected (2015) the Wisconsin’s presumption of shared parenting strategy intended to accomplish the ‘completeness of the whole’.

Shortly before starting our little agency (2005) I met a teenage boy age 14. His parents had separated several years earlier. The son had written a note to his parents for Mother’s Day/Father’s Day acknowledging and thanking them for ensuring that he had both of them in his life and as such an ‘almost normal upbringing’. In doing so he realized that through their cooperation he was able to learn who he was- an impossibility if either parent had faded away or vanished from his life. He recognized the gifts of character that were part of him-his mother’s sense of humour and joyfulness, his father’s gentleness and generosity.

These parents remembered the oath they made together to their son some 14 years earlier. They knew that both of them and their extended families were necessary to the completeness of their son. It remains an ongoing journey …for a lifetime.

Acknowledging and supporting each parent’s contribution to the child’s ‘completeness’ provides the opportunity for a family to build ‘integral’ parenting relationships that endure forever. It is my belief that our community has an obligation to develop strategies that best ensure the completeness of the whole. I have yet to hear any leader-legal, counselling, social worker or funder in our community give a public voice to such a mission. Silence is a strategy that effectively maintains a broken and destructive system.

A year ago at sunset I was on beach on the Gulf of Mexico with my 3 year old granddaughter. We were accompanied by probably 300 mothers, fathers and grandparents all quietly standing in awe of this shared, family experience. As the sun set everyone broke into applause as one. My father and gramps were with me in spirit, hand in hand, with the little one. They were an integral part of the completeness of my whole and thus of my children and grandchildren.

 It was a spiritual connection of three generations at that moment and a connection that must be cherished and nurtured by all.

My heart goes out to those of you facing the pain of interrupted parenting or worse. I faced such with each of my children at different times in the early years of the separation. That I am an integral part of each of their lives (and now six grandchildren) was more than uncertain at one time. You must find the supports to survive the despair and to find your way to a calmer place. I always believed (hoped) that the relationship that I had with each child during the intact years would sustain our relationship through the dark times…and in the end it did.

A child changes each man’s identity forever. In the past decade I have been so fortunate to have met so many courageous, creative, unique, gentle, compassionate, caring, generous, resilient and involved fathers, mothers, stepmothers and grandparents. I am a better person for knowing you. More importantly your gifts of character to your children – already given-are part of your child’s growth on their journey to ‘completeness of the whole’-with more still to come. Each of us must be prepared for new opportunities. They can occur at the most unpredictable of times.

Kyle Lowry perhaps captured best the gift of fatherhood in a Toronto Sun interview:

But …fatherhood that changed everything. He’s done more for me than I’ve done for him… He’s a bigger influence on my life. It made me more of a man. It made me more of a grown-up. It made me more mature. It made me understand that life is bigger than just basketball…

Please take care.

For more on Barry’s own journey with separation, see the About Us section. For more on navigating separation and the holidays, see all posts from the blog tagged with Holidays.

Resource Recap: Judith Wallerstein on child development

This post is part two of our three-post series summarizing What about the Kids, a seminal book on separation and parenting. See the other posts: book overview and Telling the Children for more.

The book by Judith Wallerstein and Sandra Blakeslee is a good place to start when unpacking the personal impact of separation. See my notes here that I recorded while reading and using this resource in support group facilitation.

This summary article focuses in particular on divorce and child development from infancy to young adulthood.

Zero to Three

  • Most couples report that pregnancy is some of the happiest times of the marriage.
  • The arrival of the baby can act as a rival that can threaten the marriage.
  • The husband can feel hurt and angry if the wife spends more time and energy on the baby and ignores the husband.
  • The baby needs to establish confidence in the world around them and feel safe and secure.
  • Babies are sensitive to conflicts and tensions around them.
  • If a baby witnesses anger they will cry and shows signs of distress.
  • They may reject being fed or refuse going to sleep.
  • Postpartum depression is also a serious concern for the parents and they should seek professional advice if it occurs.
  • If the baby is restless, colicky or does not respond well to be comforted then the impacts of the divorce/troubled marriage are more severe.
  • There can be delays in the baby’s development.
  • The atmosphere that parents create for the child is important. Safety and trust are key or otherwise the child may feel unsafe, unprotected or helpless.
  • For the first few months it is important to be calm with yourself and around the baby.
  • For the early months you should get to know and love your child. The child needs to know they can absolutely count on you.
  • The parent- child bond needs time to grow
  • The mother’s ability to provide a supply of milk to the baby also depends on her being relaxed.
  • The father child relationship also needs support from the mother in the early months and years.
  • If one parent moves out the primary carve-giver should explain to the child that they will be back soon.
  • Babies are aware when a person they are used to seeing is gone.
  • Play with the father is important- young children look forward to this playful roughhousing.
  • Despite any difficulties between the parents they should both look to play an active role in the baby’s life.
  • Sometimes it might be needed to get help from another relative such as your mother or an in-law.
  • New caregivers should be eased in gradually into the child’s life.
  • They should be familiar with your baby and the routine that is in place.
  • A baby or toddler should not be put into daycare until at least a few months after the breakup. The child will need time to get used to the new setting.
  • Pay close attention to the child’s temperament for changes that may indicate the struggle that they may be dealing with.
  • Sometimes other obligations may need to be put on hold.
  • The parents should do their best to support each other despite their differences.
  • You should be loving and kind to your self. Remember and do those activities that provided relief for you in past stressful occasions. It is not a selfish step.

Three to Five

  • Children at this age tend to think the adults in their life are in control of everything.
  • A divorce can disturb the child’s sense of a secure world where all their needs are met.
  • They may wonder what will happen to them, who will feed them and who will take care of them.
  • Children at this age don’t comprehend how long a day or week is. When they don’t see someone for a week they think that person is gone for good.
  • They also don’t understand the sudden moodiness or irritability in parents or why they are no longer available for the activities the child used to enjoy such as being tucked in at night.
  • A child at this age wouldn’t understand that some disruptions in their routine may only be temporary.
  • They may wonder if one parent can leave the other, can both parents leave me? This is one of their main worries at this time.
  • The child can one day wake and suddenly one of the parents is gone. The child rarely knows about the divorce ahead of time. This is not uncommon especially if there is a triggering event. This can sometimes lead to long-term estrangement and alienation between a parent and child, especially if the child is 10+.
  • It is important to reassure the child that both parents are still there for them.
  • Younger children have few ways to comfort themselves and so they suffer more than older children.
  • The child can cling to the primary caregiver and refuse to stay in the daycare.
  • Their life at this time is high in anxiety.
  • Young children can be likely to believe that they are the cause of the divorce.
  • Children are not yet able to comprehend that two people can have differing opinions and personal differences.

Active Parenting Steps for this age group

  • Children at this age are very responsive to comforting. Soothing words and hugs are helpful but not always enough.
  • Children need more of their parent’s time because they are afraid they will be abandoned like the parents abandoned each other.
  • One of the best things to do for the child is to keep all the same routines going from before the divorce.
  • If the child is in day care, it might be helpful to spend a little more time with them at the beginning of the day before leaving from work.
  • It is also important to be on time when picking them up.
  • The parent should make an effort to stay at home most weeknights and spend time with the child.
  • The child should be encouraged to play with you and other children.
  • When you tuck in the child assure them you’ll be there in the morning to greet them.
  • If the child is fretful or asks for you to spend more time with them, you should do it.
  • Children like a routine and predictability. Let them know about something they can look forward to in the coming days.
  • A child needs a parent who can relax their fears about being abandoned.
  • It is okay to sleep with a child who is afraid of being alone or request it; but it should not be a regular routine. An important part of growing up is also learning independence and to separate from the parents at night.  If this continues for a prolonged period it will be very difficult for the child to fall asleep alone.
  • Younger children do better if any changes are introduced slowly.
  • Children who are resilient can handle multiple changes more easily- not many adults are resilient enough, nor are children at this age.
  • If you cannot take time off work or reduce your working hours it is important to find someone else who can provide affectionate care such as an in- law or your parents. The person left in charge should share your same values about how to care for the child. Difficult separations unfortunately often add one set of grandparents to the loss of essential relationships to children.
  • Sometimes older children may take on additional responsibilities.
  • Sometimes you can come home once in a while unannounced to check in.

Parenting Plans

Their parenting style needs to be more hands on and active in this age range.

  • The parents when creating an interim parenting plan and eventually a permanent plan need to consider carefully the child’s changing needs.
  • For a separated dad this may require changes in their time commitment to their child at a time when finances may be an issue. In some ways there is a dilemma for fathers who are paying substantial child support and what is suggested that they should do as a parent.

Speaking to the children in an age appropriate way about the separation

  • It is a good idea to tell the child ahead of time about the separation.
  • “We both love you and will continue taking care of you” is a reassuring phrase for the child to hear.
  • Remember that abandonment is one of their main fears.
  • When you put the child to bed at night remind them you are close by, such as in the other room.
  • After you drop them off at daycare remind them you (or someone else) will be there to pick them up.
  • The child may also need to be reassured that both parents are well taken care of too. If dad is not there anymore the child may wonder if he is okay.
  • When travelling between the two homes treat the child with great tenderness and sensitivity.
  • What is just a short trip for the parent may be very frightening journey for the child.
  • It might be helpful to treat the transitions to the new home like the first day of school. Maybe point out the new landmarks on the way, like a church or store. This can make the journey less frightening.
  • If they enjoy this activity you can teach them to count things along the way like houses, blocks or mail boxes. A counting game can build confidence and take their mind off their worries.
  • Children are not just worried about leaving home but also returning.
  • Reassure the child you will be there when they get back. A phrase like “have a wonderful time” can be helpful.
  • It is good if the child knows what they will be doing with the other parent ahead of time.
  • Marking days on a calendar so they know where they will be spending which day is helpful. At five years old number skills and a grasp of time are better developed.
  • It is important to always repeat that you are there for the child and not going anywhere.

See our other resources on telling the children.

Six to Eight

  • Children at this time are living in two worlds. One is at home with you and the other is at school with his friends.
  • Now they begin to learn that games have rules and they can’t be changed.
  • They are having their first encounter with the discipline of the classroom and demands of learning.
  • They begin to understand more that mom and dad don’t control the world.
  • They are now capable of amusing themselves and feeding themselves if the parent puts out the food.  They can also go to sleep on their own.
  • If the divorce occurs at this time one of the biggest fears of the child is that his recent social advances may fail. Bedwetting and thumb sucking can reappear.  Regressing suddenly in many previously acquired skills/stages is not uncommon. Hopefully they will be short-lived through parental care over anger and criticism by either or both parents.
  • In order for their development to continue they need to feel secure and that they have a family they can count in.
  • They may feel angry and cranky and have difficulty focusing on school work.  It may also lead to violent behaviour and isolate them from other children at school.
  • They may worry that when they arrive at home you won’t be there.
  • If the dad is late to pick them up at an agreed time then they may think he will never arrive.
  • If mom is late coming home then they may think that mom has disappeared.
  • Whereas the fear in younger children might be “who will feed me” the fear now might be “where are my parents”.
  • The main reactions to divorce at this age tend to show up in the classroom or playground.
  • Their grades in school can suffer after a divorce and some children can lose up to a year.
  • At this age reading is the primary task that children learn, and it is made more difficult.
  • They may be afraid of one parent finding another family and that they will be replaced.
  • At this age children will still blame themselves for the divorce.
  • Children won’t make a connection between conflict and divorce.
  • Most parents will assume that a child at seven years old will recognize that arguments mean there is trouble in the marriage, but this is not the case.
  • The interim parenting plan almost always has one parent leaving the matrimonial home, even if the residence (home) is eventually sold. Most often it is the father unless the mother has left and taken the children to her parents’ home or to a temporary shelter.
  • Contact with the dad should quickly be arranged to reassure them that dad has not left for another family.
  • The father should set up a home where the child can visit and reside for parts of the week.
  • The visit to the new home should occur within a week or so of the breakup.
  • The child should be told as soon as possible about any new schedules of visitation.
  • If problem behaviours occur at school, it is important to sit down with the teacher and tell them about the divorce. The parent and the teacher need to work out a plan together for the child.
  • It is important to remember that the child is hurting and needs support. Patience and understanding are needed.
  • When the child’s behaviour improves you should reward them and give them praise.
  • The child needs to get back to their regular activities.
  • Continuing their work in the classroom and making friends is important in their development.
  • Sleepovers, birthday parties and other events with friends are important.
  • Extracurricular activities are important to maintain as well.
  • The child should know the phone number of both parents and how to reach them. The school should also know which parent to call in case of an accident or disruption in school.
  • Children at this age still need a lot of care. The regular schedule should continue to be maintained and reassurance should continue to be given.
  • Almost all the activities mentioned above are interrupted for the child in the early weeks and months as parents attempt to sort out even the basics of separated life with children.

Speaking to the children in an age appropriate way about the separation

  • Children still need to hear all the same things as younger children: the divorce is not their fault and both parents still love and care for them.
  • They should also be encouraged with their school work and given help when needed.
  • Children may also need advice about handling problems they may have with friends or at school.
  • If the child is disruptive at school, they should be told that the behavior can’t be tolerated. Don’t let the child boss you around.
  • Boys may become disruptive at home or acting like their father. If they begin to yell then they should firmly be told to stop.
  • Children at this time have high anxiety so routines or appointments should not be changed abruptly.
  • Supporting the child’s extracurricular activities and friendships should be a priority. For example, paying for lessons or buying sports equipment.
  • Transportation is important for the events as well. If neither parent can drive them then perhaps ask another relative. If it is ultimately impossible then explain to the child how sorry you are and when things settle down you will try to make sure someone is available.
  • Children at this age may feel like they can’t have any friends over because there are no adults in the house after school. It is important to find someone who can be there at least once a week to greet and supervise the child and their friends.
  • The child needs encouragement from both parents to continue learning and enjoying new activities.
  • Parents can understand a child’s reasonable reaction by thinking about their reaction to not having an in-house parenting partner and a life that in the early stages is so busy and complicated.

Nine and Ten

  • Children at this age are in a new development stage. They are being drawn out further away from home and more into the world of their peers.
  • They can think for themselves and keep it separate from what others believe. They have more independence and responsibility.
  • They have also reached a skeptical stage where they may be critical of teachers and other adults. They expect adults to earn their respect.
  • Children at this age can think better about the future and moral issues.
  • They might get bored with the company of their parents and prefer to spend time with peers or other adults with specialized skills such as a coach.
  • They can read other people’s mood more accurately.
  • They begin to understand abstract concepts more and can understand their own behaviour and that of others.
  • With a divorce they will be upset with the disruptions in their home life.
  • They aren’t as concerned about who will take care of their physical needs as younger children.
  • The child expects the parents to provide the foundation for their life. To help support them but more “behind the scenes”. The child likes to take the center stage.
  • The divorce takes the attention away from the child.
  • Children at this age are more competent and can sense that adolescence is coming up soon.
  • While children may appear cool on the surface about the divorce, the anxiety levels are likely quite high.

Anger

As you read this section, be aware that you are entering the most ‘dangerous’ stage for parent-child estrangement or alienation. It is important to read the section on Alienation/Estrangement on parental behaviors that contribute to these tragic outcomes. Children are most vulnerable to a parent’s failings as they enter this and later stages.

  • The child believes they are the center of the family.
  • A key reaction to the divorce is anger.
  • The anger can be directed to one parent or both. They are upset they are not the center of attention anymore.
  • The child is afraid of losing the parents and the support they provide for the child’s development and growth.
  • The child may enlist younger siblings and begin to criticize the parents more.
  • They may begin to act more like the boss of the house.
  • The anger can become a problem at school and result in behaviours such as truancy, petty theft, or siding with one parent over the other.
  • The real goal is to force the parents to reverse the divorce.
  • The anger is usually directed to whichever parent the child feels is most responsible for the divorce.
  • The parent who gets attacked may not even be responsible for the divorce.
  • A lifetime of loving care can change overnight from the child’s anger.
  • They don’t understand the feeling and reasons that have led to the divorce.
  • The child at this age can be good at playing one parent against the other in order to get what they want. This works even better when the parents are divorced since there is less contact between the parents.
  • Each parent should make the rules in their own household.
  • If the stories the child says about one parent are ignored they will often stop.
  • The parents should not be drawn into the good guy, bad guy games the child might want to play.
  • It can be hard to see the anger from your child and being told that you are selfish.

Compassion

  • Even with the anger children at this age are worried about their parents.
  • They are learning to read body language and can be fairly accurate.
  • They may be eager to comfort you, hug you or sit beside you when you look like you are down.
  • Morality is important at this age and children care about what is right and wrong.
  • A growing child wants to respect his parents and see them as virtuous. When they see a parent doing something ‘wrong” it can cause them a great deal of suffering.
  • If the parent is involved in infidelity for example the child will confront them on it.
  • There is often considerable moral ambiguity for a child as well as parents who often send mixed and complicated messages i.e. I still love your mother (dad), but we can’t live together any longer.
  • While the child is a part of an ongoing family they feel safe and comfortable. This is threatened by the divorce.

Possible Steps

  • Clear rules against rude language, hitting and yelling should be insisted upon for both at school and at home.
  • It is important for the child to feel that the parent is in control.
  • Don’t become defensive and get caught in accusations.
  • Children at this age can form their own thoughts. Saying something against you doesn’t mean they were coached by the other parent (ex).
  • It is important to explain to the child that kind of behaviour is unacceptable. During the accusations it is possible you might lose your temper and yell at the child. That is okay but you should apologize afterwards and explain why it upset you.
  • Try not to feel guilty as a result of the accusations.
  • Time outs can sometimes help to deal with aggressive children.
  • Other children can get more withdrawn instead. They may prefer to just watch TV alone.
  • Some children may take a step back in development and they need serious attention if this happens. Professional help may sometimes be needed.
  • If the child is withdrawn, ask if they are sad or worried and why. Get more details from them. Maybe somebody at school is the cause.  See if there is any way that you can help.
  • Contacting the teacher to see how they are at school can be helpful.
  • The school can have a list of experts who work with children or the pediatrician can be helpful as well.
  • If you consider taking your child to someone, look at their training and experience first. See if you can arrange to talk with the person first and then decide if they are a good fit.
  • Help should be sought out prior to the onset of adolescence if it is needed.
  • Parents who continue to fight or talk negatively about the other parent can be subject to a child’s rejection. The chances are that the negative words don’t match up with the child’s reality. It takes constant verbal abuse (alienation) to emotionally reject their other parent.
  • Parents need to treat each other with civility.
  • You want the child to grow up and be moral and considerate in their relationships.
  • Some parents forget the importance of being a role model after divorce.
  • It is an important time to behave morally and sensibly.
  • Moral authority is needed to help guide the child into adolescence.
  • New love affairs are better kept discreet for the time being. Children at this age won’t have the frame of reference to understand or sympathize with you. In our section on ‘Blended families’ there is a discussion about dating and telling the children and the children’s other parent.
  • If the ex has left and made no attempts to contact the children, it is important to comfort them and be honest with them.

Speaking to the children in an age appropriate way about the family separation

  • Talk with your child about current and future plans that might include their friends or make plans with other families to go out and have fun.
  • If the child engages in theft, take them back to the store right away to return the items.
  • If the child is truant at school, make sure they know attending school is a non-negotiable expectation.
  • Be clear and direct about what is expected in terms of behaviour.
  • If the child is blaming one of the parents for the divorce, don’t try to explain how they are wrong or try to offer more details about the breakup. Sit the child down and tell them when things settle down you can explain more.
  • Acknowledge any concern from your child or efforts to help. “It means a lot to me that you are concerned. You are a wonderful son/daughter and I love you”.
  • Keep an eye on the child’s schedule and make sure they have enough time for play and friends.
  • Cultivate a sense of ongoing family as soon as possible – that is the purpose of the resources shared in the Resource Hub.
  • Set up recreational activities you can do together such as: camping, dining, bowling.
  • Include your child’s friends when possible.
  • The parents can each help the child on homework and assignments. The task can be divided up based on each parent’s strength.
  • Set an example of courage, honesty and respect for your child. At this age they can keep you on your toes in being strong and maintain high ethical standards.
  • Children at this age can tolerate being away from you for a day or two. After the first year it is okay to give yourself the occasional weekend off to relax and recharge.
  • Don’t overreact to a child’s anger.
  • Your job is to protect the child and keep them on course to adolescence.
  • They need structure, kindness and rules. They need to understand the post divorce family is still strong and stable.

Eleven to Thirteen

  • The reaction to divorce at this age can be anything and varied. The adolescent might be in full blown panic or show indifference. Either way they are likely to be surprised or taken aback by the news.
  • They are capable of shielding their feelings from you and themselves.
  • After twelve to twenty hours the initial panic tends to subside.
  • Some children may have the impulse to run away.
  • There is a lack of age-related symptoms in this group. The behaviours shown by children of this age can be more difficult to manage.
  • Next to early childhood this is maybe the most hazardous time for a child to experience divorce.
  • The most common reaction can be a rush into risky teenage behaviour.
  • They may believe the divorce has lessened the rules and lifted constraints, so they may get involved in more risky behavior. This includes unprotected sex and drug use.
  • There can also be a denial that there is any effect on them from the divorce. It is more common in children who do well in school where they get a lot of recognition.
  • Some children indeed do seem unaffected and continue to move forward as usual. At a later time they may be willing to talk about it.
  • If the child is doing well in school and does appear to be unaffected there is no need to force a conversation. Instead wait for them to come to you.
  • If you can recapture your old feeling during adolescence you will have a better idea of what the child is feeling.
  • There are differences in development between the genders. In general, both will experience hormonal changes, rising sexual urges and a need for more independence and separation.
  • Risks seem to excite them, and their judgment is poor.
  • Children need a strong stable family and good parenting.
  • No matter how you announce it, divorce weakens the family.
  • Two parents living separately is not a secure family.
  • The parents might be focusing more on themselves and the divorce and less on the child. The child can feel alone and unprotected.
  • Without the active guidance and strict limits from adults, adolescents can be more tempted into trouble behaviour by peers.
  • There are all kinds of groups and cliques in the late grades and high school and the child will be tempted to join one of them.
  • The child will find it difficult to talk to the parents about their anxiety since the parents are also dealing with their own issues.
  • If the child feels like the world is collapsing, they are more likely to be drawn into troubling behaviour.
  • Children from divorced families are more easily influenced than those from intact families.
  • Girls in particular can have more mood fluctuations. Support from the parents is important and they need to hear what growing up is like, and the importance of self esteem. They need boundaries that will keep them safe.
  • They need to hear from their father about what growing up was like and that there is more to becoming a man than just getting muscles.
  • Again while these are standard observations for adolescents in an intact family as well, the evidence suggests that the risks are heightened for separating families. It also can lead to a parental blame game. In addition children in these early adolescent stages can become receptive to choosing the ‘other’ parent. There is an alternative out there for many.

Possible Steps

  • Try to keep the home as safe as possible and keep routines as consistent as you can.
  • Enforce the rules and teach them to look and listen instead of making quick judgments and acting on impulse.
  • A general expectation should apply; namely, that the care parent specifically, and the other parent hopefully will know where the child is. But the same expectation is true for the adolescent child- they too know where their parents are and have access to reaching them. I believed strongly in that expectation in my intact family, in my co-parenting family and in my reconstituted family. Adolescents often need you and rarely are those times predictable or on your schedule. It is called choosing to be a parent.
  • Coming home nightly to an empty house can terrify them.
  • Without home supervision they can get into risky behaviours.
  • Try to provide some structure at home.
  • Too much freedom is not helpful to the child at this time.
  • It might be possible to provide some kind of job for them such as babysitting.
  • If the child works for you, you should pay a standard rate.
  • Volunteer work in the community can also be helpful. It can help to build a sense of responsibility and compassion.
  • Kids at this age can learn to do simple cooking, gardening and cleaning.
  • A cell phone can be a good tool for children who don’t come straight home from school. It is important to know where the children are but not to ask too many details as they may feel you don’t trust them. When they check in thank them and let them know you appreciate it.
  • If you are held up somewhere and will be late you should also let the child know. Extend the same courtesy you would expect from them and lead by example.

Speaking to the children in an age appropriate way about the family separation

  • Although the child may pretend that they understand certain adult issues, at this time it is likely beyond their comprehension.
  • If the child asks you about any new partners or affairs you shouldn’t lie to the child, but keep details to a minimum.
  • It is important to have conversations with your child. Even if it feels they are not listening they can hear your message. You are showing that you do have interest in them.
  • There are rules and you expect the child to follow the standard of behaviour you have layed out. It is easier to talk with your child if you have a closer relationship. Use humour if you can.
  • Don’t withdraw even if they appear not to listen.
  • It’s important to talk about moral issues but also be honest with your mistakes if they point them out.
  • Moms can help daughters by being a loving sympathetic parent, not a buddy. Listen patiently as they tell you about any problems they may have.
  • Dads can also have a close relationship with their sons. A boy at this age needs a parent to respect, not a pal.
  • Both genders need parents who are not afraid to talk about moral values, love, friendships and loyalty.
  • If the child finds out about an affair you had before the divorce they may confront you on it. It’s important to be honest about it.
  • Your goal is that your child feels comfortable in asking questions and getting straight answers.
  •  Both parents should discuss birth control and safe sex.
  • Children need actual information on these issues and not just prohibitions from their parents.
  • Children also need to be taught about drugs, smoking and alcohol.
  • It is important to keep the children on track and make sure they grow up into moral and loving adults.
  • Adolescence can be a perilous time for every child and even more so when the family is weakened by divorce.
  • Keep communication open with your child. They should know you are ready to talk and listen if they have any problems.

See our post on separation and older children for more on development stages.